Matter
2.1 Matter and Density
The Three States Of Matter
Solids:
The particles in a solid are closely packed in a regular arrangement. They only vibrate, and are fixed in place by strong, spring-like forces.
Liquids:
The particles in a liquid are closely packed, but have no fixed/regular arrangement. They are randomly arranged, and move randomly but have limited space so they slide past each other. There are strong forces of attraction between the particles.
Gases:
The particles in a gas are spread out. There is a large amount of space between the particles, and they are randomly arranged. The particles are free to move and they move at high speeds in random directions. They bounce off both each other and the walls of the container, exerting a force. In an ideal gas, there are no forces between the particles.
Particles in a states of matter are constantly moving. This is called the Particle Theory of Matter
Changing States
Melting:
Melting is the change of state where a solid becomes a liquid at the melting point. The melting point is the temperature at which the solid melts.
Boiling:
Boiling is the change of state where a liquid becomes a gas at the boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid boils.
Evaporation:
Evaporation is the change of state where a liquid becomes a gas at a temperature below the boiling point.
Density
Density is the measure of how much mass is present in each unit volume.
Solids:
The particles in a solid are closely packed in a regular arrangement. They only vibrate, and are fixed in place by strong, spring-like forces.
Liquids:
The particles in a liquid are closely packed, but have no fixed/regular arrangement. They are randomly arranged, and move randomly but have limited space so they slide past each other. There are strong forces of attraction between the particles.
Gases:
The particles in a gas are spread out. There is a large amount of space between the particles, and they are randomly arranged. The particles are free to move and they move at high speeds in random directions. They bounce off both each other and the walls of the container, exerting a force. In an ideal gas, there are no forces between the particles.
Particles in a states of matter are constantly moving. This is called the Particle Theory of Matter
Changing States
Melting:
Melting is the change of state where a solid becomes a liquid at the melting point. The melting point is the temperature at which the solid melts.
Boiling:
Boiling is the change of state where a liquid becomes a gas at the boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid boils.
Evaporation:
Evaporation is the change of state where a liquid becomes a gas at a temperature below the boiling point.
Density
Density is the measure of how much mass is present in each unit volume.